• file pointer
  • fopen, fclose, fgetc
  • file open modes: 
    • r - open (an existing) file to read.
    • w - open (an existing) file to write. If the file does not exist, a new file is created. Starts writing from the beginning of the file.
    • a - open (an existing) file to append. If the file does not exist, a new file is created. Starts writing from where the text ends.
    • r+ - open (an existing) file to read & write. If the file does not exist, a new file is created.
    • a+ - open (an existing) file to read & append. If the file does not exist, a new file is created.

Last modified: Monday, 6 July 2026, 4:29 PM